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Livanov, M. The most essential elements of lock-in. The nonlinear Faraday rotation is a very sensitive method for measuring magnetic fields, yet it is limited to weak fields only and cannot be directly extended to fields higher than the widths of the typical resonance. An additional drawback of the method is its limitation to scalar measurements, which yields absolute intensity of the magnetic field but no information on its direction.
Both limitations can be successfully overcome with the Fig. Apparatus for measuring the rotation of a polarization plane in experiments with AM light. DL symbolizes the external-cavity diode help of modulated light. External magnetic field causes rotation of of high-field resonances Fig. If the light modulation is not amplitude comparable to the zero-field resonance. This synchronized with the Larmor precession, after many opens the possibility of applying these resonances for pulses the net birefringence averages to zero in the whole measuring magnetic field of higher intensities.
High-field medium and no NFE signal is observed. However, if the resonances can be created either by using amplitude pulse repetition and the Larmor frequencies are modulation AM [9] or frequency modulation FM [10]. Consequently, the polarization plane of the transmitted light rotates in time and the amplitude reaches its maximum when the modulation and Larmor frequencies are synchronized.
The magneto-optical sample is a glass cell about 2 cm long filled with rubidium atoms isotope 87 Rb. The inner cell walls are coated with an anti- Fig.
Typical rotation signal in the experiment with amplitude relaxation paraffin layer. A semiconductor diode laser is modulation of light intensity. Such measurement can be The authors acknowledge D. Budker, D. Jackson automated if feedback is used to run the magnetometer in Kimball, and M.
Ledbetter for the fruitful discussion. In a self- They would like to express their thankfulness to oscillating magnetometer the rotation signal which D. Budker for the opportunity of presenting Fig.
The oscillates at twice the Larmor frequency is fed back to the work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science laser intensity modulator. Consequently, the modulation and Higher Education grants NN 33 and NN frequency tracks the Larmor frequency and for each value Then it suffices to measure the oscillation frequency to determine the References magnetic field intensity B.
An alternative to self- oscillating mode is the passive-mode developed in Ref. Faraday, Trans. London , 1 Barczak and S. Pustelny, J. IV , 15 In such a mode, the magnetic-field tracking is [3] W. Gawlik, J.
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